Evolution Essays (286 words) - Evolutionary Biology,

Evolution Adam Carpenter Psych 211 Reaction Paper #4 December 11, 2000 Evolution is a very controversial topic in the world today. Many people believe in it, while at the same time, many don't. Like it or not there are many factors that point to the existence of evolution, but what role does evolution play in the theory of learning. It is obvious that learning has an important bearing on evolution. Ideas or actions that are advantageous to the life of an organism are going to be continued, while ones that are not advantageous to the life of an organism are not continues, as it may become harmful to the livelihood of the species. This may be an obvious point, but when you take the time to actually analyze this it is very interesting. It is Darwin's point plainly stated that organisms that aren't smart enough to adapt to new situations are slowly phased out of their environment, while the smarter species make efforts to adapt to the environment. This is evidence that learning occurs in each and every species of organism on this planet. From the smallest amoeba to the largest whale, cognition is evident. It is interesting that, for example, an organism will know that it needs to switch it's eating habits to stay healthy in an ever-changing environment. They may realize that one source of food is depleting so they n eed to switch to another. The idea of evolution is interesting in the since that only the smart will survive. They may must learn to adapt to new surroundings. Some people may have a hard time understanding this point, but it is true it. Extinction is proof that evolution and cognition in the smallest of species occurs. Psychology

Systems of Equations on ACT Math Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems

Systems of Equations on ACT Math Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve already tackled your single variable equations, then get ready for systems of equations. Multiple variables! Multiple equations! (Whoo!) Even better, systems of equations questions will always have multiple methods with which to solve them, depending on how you like to work best. So let us look not only at how systems of equations work, but all the various options you have available to solve them. This will be your complete guide to systems of equations questions- what they are, the many different ways for solving them, and how you’ll see them on the ACT. Before You Continue You will never see more than one systems of equations question per test, if indeed you see one at all. Remember that quantity of questions answered (as accurately as possible) is the most important aspect of scoring well on the ACT, because each question is worth the same amount of points. This means that you should prioritize understanding the more fundamental math topics on the ACT, like integers, triangles, and slopes. If you can answer two or three integer questions with the same effort as you can one question on systems of equations, it will be a better use of your time and energy. With that in mind, the same principles underlying how systems of equations work are the same for other algebra questions on the test, so it is still a good use of your time to understand how they work. Let's go tackle some systems questions, then! Whoo! What Are Systems of Equations? Systems of equations are a set of two (or more) equations that have two (or more) variables. The equations relate to one another, and each can be solved only with the information that the other provides. Most of the time, a systems of equations question on the ACT will involve two equations and two variables. It is by no means unheard of to have three or more equations and variables, but systems of equations are rare enough already and ones with more than two equations are even rarer than that. It is possible to solve systems of equations questions in a multitude of ways. As always with the ACT, how you chose to solve your problems mostly depends on how you like to work best as well as the time you have available to dedicate to the problem. The three methods to solve a system of equations problem are: #1: Graphing #2: Substitution #3: Subtraction Let us look at each method and see them in action by using the same system of equations as an example. For the sake of our example, let us say that our given system of equations is: $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ Solving Method 1: Graphing In order to graph our equations, we must first put each equation into slope-intercept form. If you are familiar with your lines and slopes, you know that the slope-intercept form of a line looks like: $y = mx + b$ If a system of equations has one solution (and we will talk about systems that do not later in the guide), that one solution will be the intersection of the two lines. So let us put our two equations into slope-intercept form. $3x + 2y = 44$ $2y = -3x + 44$ $y = {-3/2}x + 22$ And $6x - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -6x + 18$ $y = x - 3$ Now let us graph each equation in order to find their point of intersection. Once we graphed our equation, we can see that the intersection is at (10, 7). So our final results are $x = 10$ and $y = 7$ Solving Method 2: Substitution Substitution is the second method for solving a system of equations question. In order to solve this way, we must isolate one variable in one of the equations and then use that found variable for the second equation in order to solve for the remaining variable. This may sound tricky, so let's look at it in action. For example, we have our same two equations from earlier, $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ So let us select just one of the equations and then isolate one of the variables. In this case, let us chose the second equation and isolate our $y$ value. (Why that one? Why not!) $6x - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -6x + 18$ $y = x - 3$ Next, we must plug that found variable into the second equation. (In this case, because we used the second equation to isolate our $y$, we need to plug in that $y$ value into the first equation.) $3x + 2y = 44$ $3x + 2(x - 3) = 44$ $3x + 2x - 6 = 44$ $5x = 50$ $x = 10$ And finally, you can find the numerical value for your first variable ($y$) by plugging in the numerical value you found for your second variable ($x$) into either the first or the second equation. $3x + 2y = 44$ $3(10) + 2y = 44$ $30 + 2y = 44$ $2y = 14$ $y = 7$ Or $6x - 6y = 18$ $6(10) - 6y = 18$ $60 - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -42$ $y = 7$ Either way, you have found the value of both your $x$ and $y$. Again, $x = 10$ and $y = 7$ Solving Method 3: Subtraction Subtraction is the last method for solving our systems of equations questions. In order to use this method, you must subtract out one of the variables completely so that you can find the value of the second variable. Do take note that you can only do this if the variables in question are exactly the same. If the variables are NOT the same, then we can first multiply one of the equations- the entire equation- by the necessary amount in order to make the two variables the same. In the case of our two equations, none of our variables are equal. $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ We can, however, make two of them equal. In this case, let us decide to subtract our $x$ values and cancel them out. This means that we must first make our $x$’s equal by multiplying our first equation by 2, so that both $x$ values match. So: $3x + 2y = 44$ $6x - 6y = 18$ Becomes: $2(3x + 2y = 44)$ = $6x + 4y = 88$ (The entire first equation is multiplied by 2.) And $6x - 6y = 18$ (The second equation remains unchanged.) Now we can cancel out our $y$ values by subtracting the entire second equation from the first. $6x + 4y = 88$ - $6x - 6y = 18$ $4y - -6y = 70$ $10y = 70$ $y = 7$ Now that we have isolated our $y$ value, we can plug it into either of our two equations to find our $x$ value. $3x + 2y = 44$ $3x + 2(7) = 44$ $3x + 14 = 44$ $3x = 30$ $x = 10$ Or $6x - 6y = 18$ $6x - 6(7) = 18$ $6x - 42 = 18$ $6x = 60$ $x = 10$ Our final results are, once again, $x = 10$ and $y = 7$. If this is all unfamiliar to you, don't worry about feeling overwhelmed! It may seem like a lot right now, but, with practice, you'll find the solution method that fits you best. No matter which method we use to solve our problems, a system of equations will either have one solution, no solution, or infinite solutions. In order for a system of equations to have one solution, the two (or more) lines must intersect at one point so that each variable has one numerical value. In order for a system of equations to have infinite solutions, each system will be identical. This means that they are the same line. And, in order for a system of equations to have no solution, the $x$ values will be equal when the $y$ values are each set to 1. This means that, for each equation, both the $x$ and $y$ values will be equal. The reason this results in a system with no solution is that it gives us two parallel lines. The lines will have the same slope and never intersect, which means there will be no solution. For instance, For which value of $a$ will there be no solution for the systems of equations? $2y - 6x = 28$ $4y - ax = 28$ -12 -6 3 6 12 We can, as always use multiple methods to solve our problem. For instance, let us first try subtraction. We must get the two $y$ variables to match so that we can eliminate them from the equation. This will mean we can isolate our $x$ variables to find the value of our $a$. So let us multiply our first equation by 2 so that our $y$ variables will match. $2(2y - 6x = 28)$ = $4y - 12x = 56$ Now, let us subtract our equations $4y - 12x = 56$ - $4y - ax = 28$ $-12x - -ax = 28$ We know that our $-12x$ and our $-ax$ must be equal, since they must have the same slope (and therefore negate to 0), so let us equate them. $-12x = -ax$ $a = 12$ $a$ must equal 12 for there to be no solution to the problem. Our final answer is E, 12. If it is frustrating or confusing to you to try to decide which of the three solving methods â€Å"best† fits the particular problem, don’t worry about it! You will almost always be able to solve your systems of equations problems no matter which method you choose. For instance, for the problem above, we could simply put each equation into slope-intercept form. We know that a system of equations question will have no solution when the two lines are parallel, which means that their slopes will be equal. Begin with our givens, $2y - 6x = 28$ $4y - ax = 28$ And let’s take them individually, $2y - 6x = 28$ $2y = 6x + 28$ $y = 3x + 14$ And $4y - ax = 28$ $4y = ax + 28$ $y = {a/4}x + 7$ We know that the two slopes must be equal, so we will find $a$ by equating the two terms. $3 = a/4$ $12 = a$ Our final answer is E, 12. As you can see, there is never any â€Å"best† method to solve a system of equations question, only the solving method that appeals to you the most. Some paths might make more sense to you, some might seem confusing or cumbersome. Either way, you will be able to solve your systems questions no matter what route you choose. Typical Systems of Equations Questions There are essentially two different types of system of equations questions you’ll see on the test. Let us look at each type. Equation Question As with our previous examples, many systems of equations questions will be presented to you as actual equations. The question will almost always ask you to find the value of a variable for one of three types of solutions- the one solution to your system, for no solution, or for infinite solutions. (We will work through how to solve this question later in the guide.) Word Problems You may also see a systems of equations question presented as a word problem. Often (though not always), these types of problems on the ACT will involve money in some way. In order to solve this type of equation, you must first define and write out your system so that you can solve it. For instance, A movie ticket is 4 dollars for children and 9 dollars for adults. Last Saturday, there were 680 movie-goers and the theater collected a total of 5,235 dollars. How many movie-goers were children on Saturday? 88 112 177 368 503 First, we know that there were a total of 680 movie-goers, made up of some combination of adults and children. So: $a + c = 680$ Next, we know that adult tickets cost 9 dollars, children’s tickets cost 4 dollars, and that the total amount spent was 5,235 dollars. So: $9a + 4c = 5,235$ Now, we can, as always, use multiple methods to solve our equations, but let us use just one for demonstration. In this case, let us use substitution so that we can find the number of children who attended the theater. If we isolate our $a$ value in the first equation, we can use it in the second equation to solve for the total number of children. $a + c = 680$ $a = 680 - c$ So let us plug this value into our second equation. $9a + 4c = 5,235$ $9(680 - c) + 4c = 5235$ $6120 - 9c + 4c = 5235$ $-5c = -885$ $c = 177$ 177 children attended the theater that day. Our final answer is C, 177. You know what to look for and how to use your solution methods, so let's talk strategy. Strategies for Solving Systems of Equations Questions All systems of equations questions can be solved through the same methods that we outlined above, but there are additional strategies you can use to solve your questions in the fastest and easiest ways possible. 1) To begin, isolate or eliminate the opposite variable that you are required to find Because the goal of most ACT systems of equations questions is to find the value of just one of your variables, you do not have to waste your time finding ALL the variable values. The easiest way to solve for the one variable you want is to either eliminate your unwanted variable using subtraction, like so: Let us say that we have a systems problem in which we are asked to find the value of $y$. $$4x + 2y = 20$$ $$8x + y = 28$$ If we are using subtraction, let us eliminate the opposite value that we are looking to find (namely, $x$.) $4x + 2y = 20$ $8x + y = 28$ First, we need to set our $x$ values equal, which means we need to multiply the entire first equation by 2. This gives us: $8x + 4y = 40$ - $8x + y = 28$ - $3y = 12$ $y = 4$ Alternatively, we can isolate the opposite variable using substitution, like so: $4x + 2y = 20$ $8x + y = 28$ So that we don't waste our time finding the value of $x$ in addition to $y$, we must isolate our $x$ value first and then plug that value into the second equation. $4x + 2y = 20$ $4x = 20 - 2y$ $x = 5 - {1/2}y$ Now, let us plug this value for $x$ into our second equation. $8x + y = 28$ $8(5 - {1/2}y) + y = 28$ $40 - 4y + y = 28$ $-3y = -12$ $y = 4$ As you can see, no matter the technique you choose to use, we always start by isolating or eliminating the opposite variable we want to find. 2) Practice all three solving methods to see which one is most comfortable to you You’ll discover the solving method that suits you the best when it comes to systems of equations once you practice on multiple problems. Though it is best to know how to solve any systems question in multiple ways, it is completely okay to pick one solving method and stick with it each time. When you test yourself on systems questions, try to solve each one using more than one method in order to see which one is most comfortable for you personally. 3) Look extra carefully at any ACT question that involves dollars and cents Many systems of equations word problem questions are easy to confuse with other types of problems, like single variable equations or equations that require you to find alternate expressions. A good rule of thumb, however, is that it is highly likely that your ACT math problem is a system of equations question if you are asked to find the value of one of your variables and/or if the question involves money in some way. Again, not all money questions are systems of equations and not all systems of equation word problem questions involve money, but the two have a high correlation on the ACT. When you see a dollar sign or a mention of currency, keep your eyes sharp. Ready to tackle your systems problems? Test Your Knowledge Now let us test your system of equation knowledge on more ACT math questions. 1. The sum of real numbers $a$ and $b$ is 20 and their difference is 6. What is the value of $ab$? A. 51B. 64C. 75D. 84E. 91 2. For what value of $a$ would the following system of equations have an infinite number of solutions? $$2x-y=8$$ $$6x-3y=4a$$ A. 2B. 6C. 8D. 24E. 32 3. What is the value of $x$ in the following systems of equations? $$3x - 2y - 7 = 18$$ $$-x + y = -8$$ A. -1B. 3C. 8D. 9E. 18 Answers: E, B, D Answer Explanations: 1. We are given two equations involving the relationship between $a$ and $b$, so let us write them out. $a + b = 20$ $a - b = 6$ (Note: we do not actually know which is larger- $a$ or $b$. But also notice that it doesn't actually matter. Because we are being asked to find the product of $a$ and $b$, it does not matter if $a$ is the larger of the two numbers or if $b$ is the larger of the two numbers; $a * b$ will be the same either way.) Now, we can use whichever method we want to solve our systems question, but for the sake of space and time we will only choose one. In this case, let us use substitution to find the value of one of our variables. Let us begin by isolating $a$ in the first equation. $a + b = 20$ $a = 20 - b$ Now let's replace this $a$ value in the second equation. $a - b = 6$ $(20 - b) - b = 6$ $-2b = -14$ $b = 7$ Now we can replace the value of $b$ back into either equation in order to find the numerical value for $a$. Let us do so in the first equation. $a + b = 20$ $a + 7 = 20$ $a = 13$ We have found the numerical values for both our unknown variables, so let us finish with the final step and multiply them together. $a = 13$ and $b = 7$ $(13)(7)$ $91$ Our final answer is E, 91. 2. We know that a system has infinite solutions only when the entire system is equal. Right now, our coefficients (the numbers in front of the variables) for $x$ and $y$ are not equal, but we can make them equal by multiplying the first equation by 3. That way, we can transform this pairing: $2x - y = 8$ $6x - 3y = 4a$ Into: $6x - 3y = 24$ $6x - 3y = 4a$ Now that we have made our $x$ and $y$ values equal, we can set our variables equal to one another as well. $24 = 4a$ $a = 6$ In order to have a system that has infinite solutions, our $a$ value must be 6. Our final answer is B, 6. 3. Before we decide on our solving method, let us combine all of our similar terms. So, $3x - 2x - 7 = 18$ = $3x - 2y = 25$ Now, we can again use any solving method we want to, but let us choose just one to save ourselves some time. In this case, let us use subtraction. So we have: $3x - 2y = 25$ $-x + y = -8$ Because we are being asked to find the value of $x$, let us subtract out our $y$ values. This means we must multiply the second equation by 2. $2(-x + y = -8)$ $-2x + 2y = -16$ Now, we have a $-2y$ in our first equation and a $+2y$ in our second, which means that we will actually be adding our two equations instead of subtracting them. (Remember: we are trying to eliminate our $y$ variable completely, so it must become 0.) $3x - 2y = 25$ + $-2x + 2y = -16$ - $x = 9$ We have successfully found the value for $x$. Our final answer is D, 9. Good job! The tiny turtle is proud of you. The Take-Aways As you can see, there is a veritable cornucopia of ways to solve your systems of equations problems, which means that you have the ability to be flexible with them more than many other types of problems. So take heart that your choices are many for how to proceed, and practice to learn the method that suits you the best. What’s Next? Ready to take on more math topics? Of course you are! Luckily, we've got your back, with math guides on all the different math topics you'll see on the ACT. From circles to polygons, angles to trigonometry, we've got guides for your needs. Bitten by the procrastination bug? Learn why you're tempted to procrastinate and how to beat the urge. Want to skip to the most important math guides? If you only have time to tackle a few articles, take a look at two of the most important math strategies for improving your math score- plugging in answers and plugging in numbers. Knowing these strategies will help you take on some of the more challenging questions on the ACT in no time. Looking to get a perfect score? Check out our guide to getting a 36 on the ACT math section, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

What should young people be taught about theatre and what principles Assignment - 1

What should young people be taught about theatre and what principles should guide the padagogy - Assignment Example The Department of Culture, Media and Sports Taking Part Survey found that only 36% from the previous 55% of primary schools students attend after school music lessons; and for theatre and drama classes, the number of students dropped from 49% to 33%. Finally, for dance lessons, the number of students decreased from 29% from 45% (Lyons, 2014, para.1). Giving less priority to cultural education can be saddening, and this is echoed by Harriet Harman, Shadow culture secretary who lamented that the future talents of Britain are being robbed. She explained: â€Å"Taking part in art and culture is a vital part of a child’s education and helps them develop their full potential. But we are seeing a serious fall in the amount of art and culture children are able to take part in.† (Lyons, 2014, para. 7). This just emphasises the value of informing people about the importance of including Cultural Education in the school curriculum. Henley (2012) advocates it because cultural education allows children to gain necessary knowledge through the learning of facts. Children develop an understanding of culture by developing their critical faculties and skills through their active involvement in various art forms and activities related to these. However, cultural education does not get as much priority as literacy and numeracy. The National Curriculum emphasizes the development of academic skills more than the arts so schools focus on Math and Reading so that students can perform well in standardized tests. It is my opinion that the arts should get the same attention in the curriculum since it addresses the strengths of some students who may not be as skilled in the academic subjects. According to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory (1983), all people have something to excel at, and being smart above the rest is not limited to those who do exceptionally well academically. It is comforting to think that

Strategic human resource management and human resource management Essay

Strategic human resource management and human resource management - Essay Example In essence, structure of the workforce in any organisation should be well-thought of because it virtually determines the duration for goal achievement. The major objective of most organizations is to achieve the laid goals within the shortest period possible. Therefore, it is important for human resource department in an organisation to ensure that it applies the best strategies that will facilitate high-quality performance and promote employee motivation. Essentially, globalization trends and the continued technological changes have escalated the need to manage human resources. Research has showed that there are promising financial outcomes for organizations whose human resource management structures have attained operational excellence and in compliance with organisational goals. Human resource is a set of people who form the workforce of an organisation and is sometimes referred to as human capital. For human resource to work in line with the organization’s goals and objectives, it has to be managed. The supervision of workforce in an organisation is termed as human resource management. Human resource management is concerned with maximizing employee performance in pursuit for the organization’s goals (Deb, 2006). Strategic human resource management is a proactive mechanism to the management of an organization’s workforce tailored to lay tactical framework in support of long-term goals. Human resource management entails a number functions which include training and development, recruitment and retention of workforce, performance appraisal and employee remuneration. There are various strategic human resource aspects which can be used to judge an organization and they include; acquisition of skilled employees, satisfaction, managing risk, managing change and corporate culture, innovation, developing leaders and many others (Nankervis, Compton &

Wedgwoods Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wedgwoods Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Rudzki et.al) Planning: A strategy is to be developed for the cost-effective utilization of resources required to develop the product that meets the demands of customer. The planning of the supply chain thus should be such that it is efficient, less costly and the products that are delivered are of high quality and value to customers. Source: The important thing is finding suppliers, who can effectively deliver the services or goods to the customers. An improvement in the relationship should be developed with the suppliers for delivery, payment process and pricing. In short, improving the processes for the management of inventories received from the suppliers including receiving, verifying shipments, transferring to the manufacturing facilities and authorizing payments to the suppliers. Making: This is the step, manufacturing step, where intensive study is required to improve the quality levels, production out-put and workers productivity. For the effective delivery of the goods, there should be scheduling of activities such as testing, packaging and preparation for the delivery. Delivering: This is referred to as logistics, there should be an improvement in the coordination of the activities such as taking the receipt of orders from customers, developing a network of warehouses, picking the carriers so that customers receive the products and setting up an effective in-voice system for payments. Returning: The most important and the problematic part of the supply chain that needs improvement is creating a network for receiving defective and excessive products from the customers and checking the delivered products which have problems and supporting customers with problems. Operation management issues at Wedgwood: The company adopted the inflexible push model which is driven by the forecasts of the expected sales which were generated centrally, and the challenge for the company is now that the company is finding hard, to match the high quality of the product with equal levels of service to the customers. According to the operations director of the company, when benchmarking was done with the other companies, they found out that there is a need for improvement in the area of customer service and responsiveness. The overdue orders were high, despite there were high inventory levels. The main objectives of the company is thus to reduce inventory, cutting the supply cycle time. The company therefore has decided to overhaul the supply chain processes to achieve the goals. As identified by the experts of operations management of the company, in three areas of the supply chain. Dealing with customers and order fulfilling is the first one, the second area is operations in the manufacturing and supply, the third one is introducing new products To tackle the problems, the company formed different teams to tackle each area, the teams were instructed to look into the key processes which are existing and bench mark them against the other parties so that they can redesign. The teams were supported by the methodology and expertise from the consultancy wing of the Texas instruments. The main objectives of the company are reducing the inventory, cutting the supply cycle time and overall improvement of the customer services. (Buy IT, 2002). Key performance objectives at Wedgwood: Existing model has been changed to the pull model driven by the real demand from the customers, even this new

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness In this assignment, nursing assessments and interventions for a geriatric client suffering from long term mental illness, depression and suicidal tendencies is studied with reference to relevant theories, nursing assessments and interventions. Systematic approach of studying nursing process will be explained along with a role of mental health nurse in care assessment of the patient. There are four stages which are identified in the nursing process that are assessment of patient, planning of care, implementing care which is designed and evaluating the care against the interventions designed. A well-developed problem solving structure will be designed in order to layout, structure, present and organise a nursing intervention based on the assessment of the case study. In the first section, a detailed price of a client will be given. The following section will describe a well-planned nursing health assessment followed by interventions and approaches. In the entire nursing plan, it is mad e sure that client is totally involved so that he can be educated and empowered. In addition, nursing plan would be based on person centred approach and interventions will mainly be based on evidences observed trough the client. In a accordance with the confidentiality criteria developed by nursing and midwifery council, a pseudonym will be given to the patient analysed in the case study by the name (Jane). Jane, a 79 year old female was admitted in a mental nursing ward after a week of regular medical check-up. On admission, she was diagnosed of abdominal pain and temperature. She was described as confused, disoriented and adamant to leave her house. She was single without any close acquaintances living nearby. One of her relative who stays far away believes that she is depressed and required regular, dedicated care in a facility. When her neighbours were contacted, they expressed that she began to feel isolated after three of her friends who used to accompany her to day centre passed away. They also said that Jane was terrified with a thought of leaving her home and joining a residential unit. Further evaluation of Jane revealed that she has not been eating properly, not been taking care of herself hygiene and the hygiene of surroundings. In addition, it was also reported that she had arthritis which lowered her mobility due to which she did not take liquids in the evening with fear o f moving in the night. Although treated for her UTI with antibiotics, her other symptoms continued to progress and detailed evaluation of her medical condition revealed that she was suffering from depressive illness. Nursing assessment revealed that the mon conditions from which Jane was suffering are poor hygiene, reduced appetite, loneliness, lack of interest in life and unwillingness to move out of home with a feeling of insecurity. In order to improve Janes situation, the primary assessment done wad a good psychosocial assessment which is believed to aid the patient as therapeutic tool where patients could express their concerns to an external person seeking possible help (Rose and Barnes, 2008). This assessment is regarded to be patient centred and important in developing a well evaluated care plan which would favour and stabilise condition of James. This assessment utilised recovery model intervention in which clients explored their feelings, thoughts and ability to discover their illness and motivate themselves to improve their life (Repper and Perkings, 2007). Presenting the conditions and symptoms of Jane, it was observed that her depression score was 19/21 based on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1971). These high scores revealed that any kind of self-report interventions designed in these cases are often unhelpful as the clients in these conditions either under present their symptoms or mislead evaluators in order to reduce their depression score whereby they could avoid facing further interventions.(Castillo, 2003). Therefore, Department of Health suggested the assessors to use proper assessments that would target the patients care strategy. It was also suggested that evaluation of proper interventions would reduce demand for any extra services. According to Beck et al (1998), the dimensions of health involves being spiritual, biological, cultural and social. In this particular intervention of nursing, the health of Jane and his social wellbeing can be improved with the help of a nurse. In implementing the strategies of intervention, it is highly necessary for the nurses to follow the approach of problem solving Mathews (1996). So in order to perform an intervention of nursing on providing good care on Jane, the process of nursing is utilized by the mental health nurses. According to Allen (1991), in providing good care for the patients, the nursing process involves problem solving approach. It involves four stages of step by step process. In planning proper care to the patients, hierarchy of needs by Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1954) acts as a guide to the nurse. All human necessities are addressed in this. Pillings (1991) explained that it is very important to make sure that all the patients’ needs are fulfilled irrespective of their health. Regardless of the wellbeing, considerable data regarding human necessities were explained by Abraham Maslow. The rationale involved in Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢shierarchy of needs as a tool of assessment is that, it is highly important to first address the physiological needs of the patient. If the nurse fails to do so it may lead to the death of the patient. So in the present case study, the nurse assessed that Jane did not have the ability to suffice his physiological requirements rather than his other necessities. Jane would not be able to possess self-esteem if Jane’s physiological requirements like unhealthy eating and poor hygiene were not addressed. In the process of assessment, the nurse identified few physiological needs that are important. They are unhealthy eating habits, high alcohol intake, suicidal thoughts, poor hygiene etc. A framework model is considered as an artifact that adds up points to new thoughts and ideas Roper et al (1983). According to Newton (1991), a model is defined as gathering of mental images that depicts the nursing responsibilities of a nurse. This model helps in providing direction and structure to fulfill its goal. Roper, Logan and Tierneyà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1983) Activities of Daily Living is the model of nursing that is chosen for the present intervention. This particular model was chosen as it utilizes the systematic approach and implements Maslow model by first emphasizing on physiological necessities. So in the present case study, the activities of health promotion were planned by the nurse to improve the health of James and prevent further deterioration. According to Kemn and Close (1995), definitions and approaches of health promotion, the health promotion is defined as involving the activities that are necessary to prevent illness and disease and in improving the community’s wellbeing. Jane was explained about the process of intervention before initiating it. Thi s is based on the Newton model (1991) which explains the importance of autonomy and choice that should be given to the patient and should be given the freedom to take decisions where ever necessary and important. In the process of assessment four stages were worked out by the nurse based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney (1983) model. This was implemented by first gathering necessary data from Jane, reviewing the information that is collected and recognizing the problems which are in priority. Another important model that can be used in assessing the James health is the Oremas self-care model (1985). According to this model, in maintaining the health, life and wellbeing, activities were initiated and performed by the individuals. In the present case study of Jane, more prompting is required regarding his self-care. So this model could be utilized to support Jane to suffice his needs of personal cleansing without excess prompting. According to Brown (1995), Planning refers to the activ ity of the nurses which involves taking necessary actions that are required based on the recognized needs. During the process of planning it is important for the care nurses and clients to give a thought on goals aims and their objectives. According to Ewles and Simnett (1999), an aim refers to the outcomes that are achieved on long term in a particular time period. In the case of Jane, the primary objective is to make him understand the necessity of taking healthy food with regards to his weight. Another objective is to make him aware of good hygiene with respect to his wellbeing and health. In the present case the goals that were established include: Make Jane to adopt health eating and develop healthy lifestyle by encouraging him, make Jane to practice good hygiene to prevent him from diseases. The objectives are required to be time framed, realistic, achievable, measurable and specific (Fawcett et al 1997). Objective refers to the process that is intended by the teacher to achieve Kiger et al (1995). In this case Jane is allowed to eat only limited food during his meal. He is take proper care to avoid diabetes. He is made to perform his daily routines like bathing himself, changing the socks and putting in the laundry etc. The nurse that is concerned with taking care of Jane would conduct one to one sessions so as to develop healthy eating habits. The nurse would refer Jane to dietician to solve the issues of overweight through diet. It is necessary for the staffs who are concerned with providing health care to Jane to attend training classes on healthy eating. Educative leaflets could be provided to Jane. The nurse would also take the opinion of James regarding the personal hygiene through open ended questions. It was observed that a felt need is expressed by Jane when he expressed feelings of faithlessness and confidence. From the detailed assessment of Jane and interventions applied by the staff, great knowledge and information on various aspects of care planning was learnt, analysed and understood. The care planning included detailed assessment which served to be one of the vital component in care planning. Next, in the planning stage, the evaluating nurse acquired a detailed understanding on the methods of addressing needs of the clients during which they took into consideration all the predetermining and necessary factors. The main factors which were taken in to account were the cognitive abilities of the people suffering with mental illness. The evaluating nurse regarded that communication with the patient is necessary at all times of delivery of care. In addition, it was also evaluated that good interpersonal skills are required for development of good holistic care. As a part of psychosocial individualized intervention, Jane was empowered and encouraged to engage in wide range of social activit ies where she can mingle with general population. Further, this essay has describes the various aspects that are involved in care planning. The essay has also laid emphasis on the imperative role of a mental health nurse in the management of health of people suffering with various kinds of mental illness. As suggested by the NMC in the year 2002, nurses should act proactively to pick, identify and reduce the risks to the clients. The whole assessment, evaluation and intervention prove that there are various things which are kept in kind before implementing a care process. In addition to the nursing process and care planning, there are other factors that include the nurse’s role, consent from the patient, multi-agency working and self-empowerment which aid in efficient care implementation

Essay example --

It was one of the greatest battles in Greek history, the battle of Achilles with Hector (Homer. Iliad. 22) and Cycnus (Ovid. Metamorphoses. 14); these two different versions of the Trojan War had both similarities and differences. As we can notice from these two books, there are similarities of character in Homer’s version of Achilles and Ovid’s version Achilles. Furthermore, the similarity of both Trojan heroes having the same enemy in both versions of The Trojan War. On the other hand, the difference between these two battles of Achilles is the character and how both Trojan heroes performed during the battle with Achilles. In addition, the main reason initiates battle of Achilles is different when he fights with Hector and Cycnus; additionally, how Achilles treats their corpse after he kills them, were not the same in both battles. Furthermore, the setting and timing of the battle between Achilles and the two Trojan heroes are distinct from one to another. According to Homer, Hector was the greatest and most famous mortal heroes in the history of Troy, who has protected Troy from many wars and have been treated as the guardian of his father, Priam kingdom. On the other hand, in Ovid version of The Trojan War, there are two great Trojan warriors, Hector and Cycnus, son of Poseidon, the latter is invulnerable warrior and have killed 1000 Greeks troop at the Trojan beach easily when the Greeks first landed on the beach. The character of Achilles, son of Peleus, in both battles has some similarities which are the violent, arrogant and uncontrollable like a beast. Achilles trusted his skill to fight and shows his arrogant character can be found in Iliad, â€Å"Achilles shook his head at his soldiers: He would not allow anyone to shoot A... ... year of the war. In general, the battle of Achilles with Hector and Cycnus had some similarities and differences. Both of the Trojan heroes are loyal to their country and both are Troy greatest warriors. Other than that, both versions of Achilles poses the arrogant and beast characteristic. However, the characters and attitudes of Hector and Cycnus in the battle with Achilles are completely different, where Hector fears and hesitate to battle with Achilles while Cycnus confidently faces the battle with Achilles. In addition, the main reason of battles is different which lead to different treatment of Achilles to their corpse, where Hector corpse was badly treated by Achilles rage for the revenge of Patroclus death. Last but not least, the setting of both battles Trojan heroes is completely different, even-thought they were fighting with the same enemy, Achilles.