Evolution Essays (286 words) - Evolutionary Biology,

Evolution Adam Carpenter Psych 211 Reaction Paper #4 December 11, 2000 Evolution is a very controversial topic in the world today. Many people believe in it, while at the same time, many don't. Like it or not there are many factors that point to the existence of evolution, but what role does evolution play in the theory of learning. It is obvious that learning has an important bearing on evolution. Ideas or actions that are advantageous to the life of an organism are going to be continued, while ones that are not advantageous to the life of an organism are not continues, as it may become harmful to the livelihood of the species. This may be an obvious point, but when you take the time to actually analyze this it is very interesting. It is Darwin's point plainly stated that organisms that aren't smart enough to adapt to new situations are slowly phased out of their environment, while the smarter species make efforts to adapt to the environment. This is evidence that learning occurs in each and every species of organism on this planet. From the smallest amoeba to the largest whale, cognition is evident. It is interesting that, for example, an organism will know that it needs to switch it's eating habits to stay healthy in an ever-changing environment. They may realize that one source of food is depleting so they n eed to switch to another. The idea of evolution is interesting in the since that only the smart will survive. They may must learn to adapt to new surroundings. Some people may have a hard time understanding this point, but it is true it. Extinction is proof that evolution and cognition in the smallest of species occurs. Psychology

Systems of Equations on ACT Math Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems

Systems of Equations on ACT Math Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve already tackled your single variable equations, then get ready for systems of equations. Multiple variables! Multiple equations! (Whoo!) Even better, systems of equations questions will always have multiple methods with which to solve them, depending on how you like to work best. So let us look not only at how systems of equations work, but all the various options you have available to solve them. This will be your complete guide to systems of equations questions- what they are, the many different ways for solving them, and how you’ll see them on the ACT. Before You Continue You will never see more than one systems of equations question per test, if indeed you see one at all. Remember that quantity of questions answered (as accurately as possible) is the most important aspect of scoring well on the ACT, because each question is worth the same amount of points. This means that you should prioritize understanding the more fundamental math topics on the ACT, like integers, triangles, and slopes. If you can answer two or three integer questions with the same effort as you can one question on systems of equations, it will be a better use of your time and energy. With that in mind, the same principles underlying how systems of equations work are the same for other algebra questions on the test, so it is still a good use of your time to understand how they work. Let's go tackle some systems questions, then! Whoo! What Are Systems of Equations? Systems of equations are a set of two (or more) equations that have two (or more) variables. The equations relate to one another, and each can be solved only with the information that the other provides. Most of the time, a systems of equations question on the ACT will involve two equations and two variables. It is by no means unheard of to have three or more equations and variables, but systems of equations are rare enough already and ones with more than two equations are even rarer than that. It is possible to solve systems of equations questions in a multitude of ways. As always with the ACT, how you chose to solve your problems mostly depends on how you like to work best as well as the time you have available to dedicate to the problem. The three methods to solve a system of equations problem are: #1: Graphing #2: Substitution #3: Subtraction Let us look at each method and see them in action by using the same system of equations as an example. For the sake of our example, let us say that our given system of equations is: $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ Solving Method 1: Graphing In order to graph our equations, we must first put each equation into slope-intercept form. If you are familiar with your lines and slopes, you know that the slope-intercept form of a line looks like: $y = mx + b$ If a system of equations has one solution (and we will talk about systems that do not later in the guide), that one solution will be the intersection of the two lines. So let us put our two equations into slope-intercept form. $3x + 2y = 44$ $2y = -3x + 44$ $y = {-3/2}x + 22$ And $6x - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -6x + 18$ $y = x - 3$ Now let us graph each equation in order to find their point of intersection. Once we graphed our equation, we can see that the intersection is at (10, 7). So our final results are $x = 10$ and $y = 7$ Solving Method 2: Substitution Substitution is the second method for solving a system of equations question. In order to solve this way, we must isolate one variable in one of the equations and then use that found variable for the second equation in order to solve for the remaining variable. This may sound tricky, so let's look at it in action. For example, we have our same two equations from earlier, $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ So let us select just one of the equations and then isolate one of the variables. In this case, let us chose the second equation and isolate our $y$ value. (Why that one? Why not!) $6x - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -6x + 18$ $y = x - 3$ Next, we must plug that found variable into the second equation. (In this case, because we used the second equation to isolate our $y$, we need to plug in that $y$ value into the first equation.) $3x + 2y = 44$ $3x + 2(x - 3) = 44$ $3x + 2x - 6 = 44$ $5x = 50$ $x = 10$ And finally, you can find the numerical value for your first variable ($y$) by plugging in the numerical value you found for your second variable ($x$) into either the first or the second equation. $3x + 2y = 44$ $3(10) + 2y = 44$ $30 + 2y = 44$ $2y = 14$ $y = 7$ Or $6x - 6y = 18$ $6(10) - 6y = 18$ $60 - 6y = 18$ $-6y = -42$ $y = 7$ Either way, you have found the value of both your $x$ and $y$. Again, $x = 10$ and $y = 7$ Solving Method 3: Subtraction Subtraction is the last method for solving our systems of equations questions. In order to use this method, you must subtract out one of the variables completely so that you can find the value of the second variable. Do take note that you can only do this if the variables in question are exactly the same. If the variables are NOT the same, then we can first multiply one of the equations- the entire equation- by the necessary amount in order to make the two variables the same. In the case of our two equations, none of our variables are equal. $$3x + 2y = 44$$ $$6x - 6y = 18$$ We can, however, make two of them equal. In this case, let us decide to subtract our $x$ values and cancel them out. This means that we must first make our $x$’s equal by multiplying our first equation by 2, so that both $x$ values match. So: $3x + 2y = 44$ $6x - 6y = 18$ Becomes: $2(3x + 2y = 44)$ = $6x + 4y = 88$ (The entire first equation is multiplied by 2.) And $6x - 6y = 18$ (The second equation remains unchanged.) Now we can cancel out our $y$ values by subtracting the entire second equation from the first. $6x + 4y = 88$ - $6x - 6y = 18$ $4y - -6y = 70$ $10y = 70$ $y = 7$ Now that we have isolated our $y$ value, we can plug it into either of our two equations to find our $x$ value. $3x + 2y = 44$ $3x + 2(7) = 44$ $3x + 14 = 44$ $3x = 30$ $x = 10$ Or $6x - 6y = 18$ $6x - 6(7) = 18$ $6x - 42 = 18$ $6x = 60$ $x = 10$ Our final results are, once again, $x = 10$ and $y = 7$. If this is all unfamiliar to you, don't worry about feeling overwhelmed! It may seem like a lot right now, but, with practice, you'll find the solution method that fits you best. No matter which method we use to solve our problems, a system of equations will either have one solution, no solution, or infinite solutions. In order for a system of equations to have one solution, the two (or more) lines must intersect at one point so that each variable has one numerical value. In order for a system of equations to have infinite solutions, each system will be identical. This means that they are the same line. And, in order for a system of equations to have no solution, the $x$ values will be equal when the $y$ values are each set to 1. This means that, for each equation, both the $x$ and $y$ values will be equal. The reason this results in a system with no solution is that it gives us two parallel lines. The lines will have the same slope and never intersect, which means there will be no solution. For instance, For which value of $a$ will there be no solution for the systems of equations? $2y - 6x = 28$ $4y - ax = 28$ -12 -6 3 6 12 We can, as always use multiple methods to solve our problem. For instance, let us first try subtraction. We must get the two $y$ variables to match so that we can eliminate them from the equation. This will mean we can isolate our $x$ variables to find the value of our $a$. So let us multiply our first equation by 2 so that our $y$ variables will match. $2(2y - 6x = 28)$ = $4y - 12x = 56$ Now, let us subtract our equations $4y - 12x = 56$ - $4y - ax = 28$ $-12x - -ax = 28$ We know that our $-12x$ and our $-ax$ must be equal, since they must have the same slope (and therefore negate to 0), so let us equate them. $-12x = -ax$ $a = 12$ $a$ must equal 12 for there to be no solution to the problem. Our final answer is E, 12. If it is frustrating or confusing to you to try to decide which of the three solving methods â€Å"best† fits the particular problem, don’t worry about it! You will almost always be able to solve your systems of equations problems no matter which method you choose. For instance, for the problem above, we could simply put each equation into slope-intercept form. We know that a system of equations question will have no solution when the two lines are parallel, which means that their slopes will be equal. Begin with our givens, $2y - 6x = 28$ $4y - ax = 28$ And let’s take them individually, $2y - 6x = 28$ $2y = 6x + 28$ $y = 3x + 14$ And $4y - ax = 28$ $4y = ax + 28$ $y = {a/4}x + 7$ We know that the two slopes must be equal, so we will find $a$ by equating the two terms. $3 = a/4$ $12 = a$ Our final answer is E, 12. As you can see, there is never any â€Å"best† method to solve a system of equations question, only the solving method that appeals to you the most. Some paths might make more sense to you, some might seem confusing or cumbersome. Either way, you will be able to solve your systems questions no matter what route you choose. Typical Systems of Equations Questions There are essentially two different types of system of equations questions you’ll see on the test. Let us look at each type. Equation Question As with our previous examples, many systems of equations questions will be presented to you as actual equations. The question will almost always ask you to find the value of a variable for one of three types of solutions- the one solution to your system, for no solution, or for infinite solutions. (We will work through how to solve this question later in the guide.) Word Problems You may also see a systems of equations question presented as a word problem. Often (though not always), these types of problems on the ACT will involve money in some way. In order to solve this type of equation, you must first define and write out your system so that you can solve it. For instance, A movie ticket is 4 dollars for children and 9 dollars for adults. Last Saturday, there were 680 movie-goers and the theater collected a total of 5,235 dollars. How many movie-goers were children on Saturday? 88 112 177 368 503 First, we know that there were a total of 680 movie-goers, made up of some combination of adults and children. So: $a + c = 680$ Next, we know that adult tickets cost 9 dollars, children’s tickets cost 4 dollars, and that the total amount spent was 5,235 dollars. So: $9a + 4c = 5,235$ Now, we can, as always, use multiple methods to solve our equations, but let us use just one for demonstration. In this case, let us use substitution so that we can find the number of children who attended the theater. If we isolate our $a$ value in the first equation, we can use it in the second equation to solve for the total number of children. $a + c = 680$ $a = 680 - c$ So let us plug this value into our second equation. $9a + 4c = 5,235$ $9(680 - c) + 4c = 5235$ $6120 - 9c + 4c = 5235$ $-5c = -885$ $c = 177$ 177 children attended the theater that day. Our final answer is C, 177. You know what to look for and how to use your solution methods, so let's talk strategy. Strategies for Solving Systems of Equations Questions All systems of equations questions can be solved through the same methods that we outlined above, but there are additional strategies you can use to solve your questions in the fastest and easiest ways possible. 1) To begin, isolate or eliminate the opposite variable that you are required to find Because the goal of most ACT systems of equations questions is to find the value of just one of your variables, you do not have to waste your time finding ALL the variable values. The easiest way to solve for the one variable you want is to either eliminate your unwanted variable using subtraction, like so: Let us say that we have a systems problem in which we are asked to find the value of $y$. $$4x + 2y = 20$$ $$8x + y = 28$$ If we are using subtraction, let us eliminate the opposite value that we are looking to find (namely, $x$.) $4x + 2y = 20$ $8x + y = 28$ First, we need to set our $x$ values equal, which means we need to multiply the entire first equation by 2. This gives us: $8x + 4y = 40$ - $8x + y = 28$ - $3y = 12$ $y = 4$ Alternatively, we can isolate the opposite variable using substitution, like so: $4x + 2y = 20$ $8x + y = 28$ So that we don't waste our time finding the value of $x$ in addition to $y$, we must isolate our $x$ value first and then plug that value into the second equation. $4x + 2y = 20$ $4x = 20 - 2y$ $x = 5 - {1/2}y$ Now, let us plug this value for $x$ into our second equation. $8x + y = 28$ $8(5 - {1/2}y) + y = 28$ $40 - 4y + y = 28$ $-3y = -12$ $y = 4$ As you can see, no matter the technique you choose to use, we always start by isolating or eliminating the opposite variable we want to find. 2) Practice all three solving methods to see which one is most comfortable to you You’ll discover the solving method that suits you the best when it comes to systems of equations once you practice on multiple problems. Though it is best to know how to solve any systems question in multiple ways, it is completely okay to pick one solving method and stick with it each time. When you test yourself on systems questions, try to solve each one using more than one method in order to see which one is most comfortable for you personally. 3) Look extra carefully at any ACT question that involves dollars and cents Many systems of equations word problem questions are easy to confuse with other types of problems, like single variable equations or equations that require you to find alternate expressions. A good rule of thumb, however, is that it is highly likely that your ACT math problem is a system of equations question if you are asked to find the value of one of your variables and/or if the question involves money in some way. Again, not all money questions are systems of equations and not all systems of equation word problem questions involve money, but the two have a high correlation on the ACT. When you see a dollar sign or a mention of currency, keep your eyes sharp. Ready to tackle your systems problems? Test Your Knowledge Now let us test your system of equation knowledge on more ACT math questions. 1. The sum of real numbers $a$ and $b$ is 20 and their difference is 6. What is the value of $ab$? A. 51B. 64C. 75D. 84E. 91 2. For what value of $a$ would the following system of equations have an infinite number of solutions? $$2x-y=8$$ $$6x-3y=4a$$ A. 2B. 6C. 8D. 24E. 32 3. What is the value of $x$ in the following systems of equations? $$3x - 2y - 7 = 18$$ $$-x + y = -8$$ A. -1B. 3C. 8D. 9E. 18 Answers: E, B, D Answer Explanations: 1. We are given two equations involving the relationship between $a$ and $b$, so let us write them out. $a + b = 20$ $a - b = 6$ (Note: we do not actually know which is larger- $a$ or $b$. But also notice that it doesn't actually matter. Because we are being asked to find the product of $a$ and $b$, it does not matter if $a$ is the larger of the two numbers or if $b$ is the larger of the two numbers; $a * b$ will be the same either way.) Now, we can use whichever method we want to solve our systems question, but for the sake of space and time we will only choose one. In this case, let us use substitution to find the value of one of our variables. Let us begin by isolating $a$ in the first equation. $a + b = 20$ $a = 20 - b$ Now let's replace this $a$ value in the second equation. $a - b = 6$ $(20 - b) - b = 6$ $-2b = -14$ $b = 7$ Now we can replace the value of $b$ back into either equation in order to find the numerical value for $a$. Let us do so in the first equation. $a + b = 20$ $a + 7 = 20$ $a = 13$ We have found the numerical values for both our unknown variables, so let us finish with the final step and multiply them together. $a = 13$ and $b = 7$ $(13)(7)$ $91$ Our final answer is E, 91. 2. We know that a system has infinite solutions only when the entire system is equal. Right now, our coefficients (the numbers in front of the variables) for $x$ and $y$ are not equal, but we can make them equal by multiplying the first equation by 3. That way, we can transform this pairing: $2x - y = 8$ $6x - 3y = 4a$ Into: $6x - 3y = 24$ $6x - 3y = 4a$ Now that we have made our $x$ and $y$ values equal, we can set our variables equal to one another as well. $24 = 4a$ $a = 6$ In order to have a system that has infinite solutions, our $a$ value must be 6. Our final answer is B, 6. 3. Before we decide on our solving method, let us combine all of our similar terms. So, $3x - 2x - 7 = 18$ = $3x - 2y = 25$ Now, we can again use any solving method we want to, but let us choose just one to save ourselves some time. In this case, let us use subtraction. So we have: $3x - 2y = 25$ $-x + y = -8$ Because we are being asked to find the value of $x$, let us subtract out our $y$ values. This means we must multiply the second equation by 2. $2(-x + y = -8)$ $-2x + 2y = -16$ Now, we have a $-2y$ in our first equation and a $+2y$ in our second, which means that we will actually be adding our two equations instead of subtracting them. (Remember: we are trying to eliminate our $y$ variable completely, so it must become 0.) $3x - 2y = 25$ + $-2x + 2y = -16$ - $x = 9$ We have successfully found the value for $x$. Our final answer is D, 9. Good job! The tiny turtle is proud of you. The Take-Aways As you can see, there is a veritable cornucopia of ways to solve your systems of equations problems, which means that you have the ability to be flexible with them more than many other types of problems. So take heart that your choices are many for how to proceed, and practice to learn the method that suits you the best. What’s Next? Ready to take on more math topics? Of course you are! Luckily, we've got your back, with math guides on all the different math topics you'll see on the ACT. From circles to polygons, angles to trigonometry, we've got guides for your needs. Bitten by the procrastination bug? Learn why you're tempted to procrastinate and how to beat the urge. Want to skip to the most important math guides? If you only have time to tackle a few articles, take a look at two of the most important math strategies for improving your math score- plugging in answers and plugging in numbers. Knowing these strategies will help you take on some of the more challenging questions on the ACT in no time. Looking to get a perfect score? Check out our guide to getting a 36 on the ACT math section, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

What should young people be taught about theatre and what principles Assignment - 1

What should young people be taught about theatre and what principles should guide the padagogy - Assignment Example The Department of Culture, Media and Sports Taking Part Survey found that only 36% from the previous 55% of primary schools students attend after school music lessons; and for theatre and drama classes, the number of students dropped from 49% to 33%. Finally, for dance lessons, the number of students decreased from 29% from 45% (Lyons, 2014, para.1). Giving less priority to cultural education can be saddening, and this is echoed by Harriet Harman, Shadow culture secretary who lamented that the future talents of Britain are being robbed. She explained: â€Å"Taking part in art and culture is a vital part of a child’s education and helps them develop their full potential. But we are seeing a serious fall in the amount of art and culture children are able to take part in.† (Lyons, 2014, para. 7). This just emphasises the value of informing people about the importance of including Cultural Education in the school curriculum. Henley (2012) advocates it because cultural education allows children to gain necessary knowledge through the learning of facts. Children develop an understanding of culture by developing their critical faculties and skills through their active involvement in various art forms and activities related to these. However, cultural education does not get as much priority as literacy and numeracy. The National Curriculum emphasizes the development of academic skills more than the arts so schools focus on Math and Reading so that students can perform well in standardized tests. It is my opinion that the arts should get the same attention in the curriculum since it addresses the strengths of some students who may not be as skilled in the academic subjects. According to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory (1983), all people have something to excel at, and being smart above the rest is not limited to those who do exceptionally well academically. It is comforting to think that

Strategic human resource management and human resource management Essay

Strategic human resource management and human resource management - Essay Example In essence, structure of the workforce in any organisation should be well-thought of because it virtually determines the duration for goal achievement. The major objective of most organizations is to achieve the laid goals within the shortest period possible. Therefore, it is important for human resource department in an organisation to ensure that it applies the best strategies that will facilitate high-quality performance and promote employee motivation. Essentially, globalization trends and the continued technological changes have escalated the need to manage human resources. Research has showed that there are promising financial outcomes for organizations whose human resource management structures have attained operational excellence and in compliance with organisational goals. Human resource is a set of people who form the workforce of an organisation and is sometimes referred to as human capital. For human resource to work in line with the organization’s goals and objectives, it has to be managed. The supervision of workforce in an organisation is termed as human resource management. Human resource management is concerned with maximizing employee performance in pursuit for the organization’s goals (Deb, 2006). Strategic human resource management is a proactive mechanism to the management of an organization’s workforce tailored to lay tactical framework in support of long-term goals. Human resource management entails a number functions which include training and development, recruitment and retention of workforce, performance appraisal and employee remuneration. There are various strategic human resource aspects which can be used to judge an organization and they include; acquisition of skilled employees, satisfaction, managing risk, managing change and corporate culture, innovation, developing leaders and many others (Nankervis, Compton &

Wedgwoods Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wedgwoods Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Rudzki et.al) Planning: A strategy is to be developed for the cost-effective utilization of resources required to develop the product that meets the demands of customer. The planning of the supply chain thus should be such that it is efficient, less costly and the products that are delivered are of high quality and value to customers. Source: The important thing is finding suppliers, who can effectively deliver the services or goods to the customers. An improvement in the relationship should be developed with the suppliers for delivery, payment process and pricing. In short, improving the processes for the management of inventories received from the suppliers including receiving, verifying shipments, transferring to the manufacturing facilities and authorizing payments to the suppliers. Making: This is the step, manufacturing step, where intensive study is required to improve the quality levels, production out-put and workers productivity. For the effective delivery of the goods, there should be scheduling of activities such as testing, packaging and preparation for the delivery. Delivering: This is referred to as logistics, there should be an improvement in the coordination of the activities such as taking the receipt of orders from customers, developing a network of warehouses, picking the carriers so that customers receive the products and setting up an effective in-voice system for payments. Returning: The most important and the problematic part of the supply chain that needs improvement is creating a network for receiving defective and excessive products from the customers and checking the delivered products which have problems and supporting customers with problems. Operation management issues at Wedgwood: The company adopted the inflexible push model which is driven by the forecasts of the expected sales which were generated centrally, and the challenge for the company is now that the company is finding hard, to match the high quality of the product with equal levels of service to the customers. According to the operations director of the company, when benchmarking was done with the other companies, they found out that there is a need for improvement in the area of customer service and responsiveness. The overdue orders were high, despite there were high inventory levels. The main objectives of the company is thus to reduce inventory, cutting the supply cycle time. The company therefore has decided to overhaul the supply chain processes to achieve the goals. As identified by the experts of operations management of the company, in three areas of the supply chain. Dealing with customers and order fulfilling is the first one, the second area is operations in the manufacturing and supply, the third one is introducing new products To tackle the problems, the company formed different teams to tackle each area, the teams were instructed to look into the key processes which are existing and bench mark them against the other parties so that they can redesign. The teams were supported by the methodology and expertise from the consultancy wing of the Texas instruments. The main objectives of the company are reducing the inventory, cutting the supply cycle time and overall improvement of the customer services. (Buy IT, 2002). Key performance objectives at Wedgwood: Existing model has been changed to the pull model driven by the real demand from the customers, even this new

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness

Nursing Assessments for Geriatric Client with Mental Illness In this assignment, nursing assessments and interventions for a geriatric client suffering from long term mental illness, depression and suicidal tendencies is studied with reference to relevant theories, nursing assessments and interventions. Systematic approach of studying nursing process will be explained along with a role of mental health nurse in care assessment of the patient. There are four stages which are identified in the nursing process that are assessment of patient, planning of care, implementing care which is designed and evaluating the care against the interventions designed. A well-developed problem solving structure will be designed in order to layout, structure, present and organise a nursing intervention based on the assessment of the case study. In the first section, a detailed price of a client will be given. The following section will describe a well-planned nursing health assessment followed by interventions and approaches. In the entire nursing plan, it is mad e sure that client is totally involved so that he can be educated and empowered. In addition, nursing plan would be based on person centred approach and interventions will mainly be based on evidences observed trough the client. In a accordance with the confidentiality criteria developed by nursing and midwifery council, a pseudonym will be given to the patient analysed in the case study by the name (Jane). Jane, a 79 year old female was admitted in a mental nursing ward after a week of regular medical check-up. On admission, she was diagnosed of abdominal pain and temperature. She was described as confused, disoriented and adamant to leave her house. She was single without any close acquaintances living nearby. One of her relative who stays far away believes that she is depressed and required regular, dedicated care in a facility. When her neighbours were contacted, they expressed that she began to feel isolated after three of her friends who used to accompany her to day centre passed away. They also said that Jane was terrified with a thought of leaving her home and joining a residential unit. Further evaluation of Jane revealed that she has not been eating properly, not been taking care of herself hygiene and the hygiene of surroundings. In addition, it was also reported that she had arthritis which lowered her mobility due to which she did not take liquids in the evening with fear o f moving in the night. Although treated for her UTI with antibiotics, her other symptoms continued to progress and detailed evaluation of her medical condition revealed that she was suffering from depressive illness. Nursing assessment revealed that the mon conditions from which Jane was suffering are poor hygiene, reduced appetite, loneliness, lack of interest in life and unwillingness to move out of home with a feeling of insecurity. In order to improve Janes situation, the primary assessment done wad a good psychosocial assessment which is believed to aid the patient as therapeutic tool where patients could express their concerns to an external person seeking possible help (Rose and Barnes, 2008). This assessment is regarded to be patient centred and important in developing a well evaluated care plan which would favour and stabilise condition of James. This assessment utilised recovery model intervention in which clients explored their feelings, thoughts and ability to discover their illness and motivate themselves to improve their life (Repper and Perkings, 2007). Presenting the conditions and symptoms of Jane, it was observed that her depression score was 19/21 based on the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1971). These high scores revealed that any kind of self-report interventions designed in these cases are often unhelpful as the clients in these conditions either under present their symptoms or mislead evaluators in order to reduce their depression score whereby they could avoid facing further interventions.(Castillo, 2003). Therefore, Department of Health suggested the assessors to use proper assessments that would target the patients care strategy. It was also suggested that evaluation of proper interventions would reduce demand for any extra services. According to Beck et al (1998), the dimensions of health involves being spiritual, biological, cultural and social. In this particular intervention of nursing, the health of Jane and his social wellbeing can be improved with the help of a nurse. In implementing the strategies of intervention, it is highly necessary for the nurses to follow the approach of problem solving Mathews (1996). So in order to perform an intervention of nursing on providing good care on Jane, the process of nursing is utilized by the mental health nurses. According to Allen (1991), in providing good care for the patients, the nursing process involves problem solving approach. It involves four stages of step by step process. In planning proper care to the patients, hierarchy of needs by Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1954) acts as a guide to the nurse. All human necessities are addressed in this. Pillings (1991) explained that it is very important to make sure that all the patients’ needs are fulfilled irrespective of their health. Regardless of the wellbeing, considerable data regarding human necessities were explained by Abraham Maslow. The rationale involved in Maslowà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢shierarchy of needs as a tool of assessment is that, it is highly important to first address the physiological needs of the patient. If the nurse fails to do so it may lead to the death of the patient. So in the present case study, the nurse assessed that Jane did not have the ability to suffice his physiological requirements rather than his other necessities. Jane would not be able to possess self-esteem if Jane’s physiological requirements like unhealthy eating and poor hygiene were not addressed. In the process of assessment, the nurse identified few physiological needs that are important. They are unhealthy eating habits, high alcohol intake, suicidal thoughts, poor hygiene etc. A framework model is considered as an artifact that adds up points to new thoughts and ideas Roper et al (1983). According to Newton (1991), a model is defined as gathering of mental images that depicts the nursing responsibilities of a nurse. This model helps in providing direction and structure to fulfill its goal. Roper, Logan and Tierneyà ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s(1983) Activities of Daily Living is the model of nursing that is chosen for the present intervention. This particular model was chosen as it utilizes the systematic approach and implements Maslow model by first emphasizing on physiological necessities. So in the present case study, the activities of health promotion were planned by the nurse to improve the health of James and prevent further deterioration. According to Kemn and Close (1995), definitions and approaches of health promotion, the health promotion is defined as involving the activities that are necessary to prevent illness and disease and in improving the community’s wellbeing. Jane was explained about the process of intervention before initiating it. Thi s is based on the Newton model (1991) which explains the importance of autonomy and choice that should be given to the patient and should be given the freedom to take decisions where ever necessary and important. In the process of assessment four stages were worked out by the nurse based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney (1983) model. This was implemented by first gathering necessary data from Jane, reviewing the information that is collected and recognizing the problems which are in priority. Another important model that can be used in assessing the James health is the Oremas self-care model (1985). According to this model, in maintaining the health, life and wellbeing, activities were initiated and performed by the individuals. In the present case study of Jane, more prompting is required regarding his self-care. So this model could be utilized to support Jane to suffice his needs of personal cleansing without excess prompting. According to Brown (1995), Planning refers to the activ ity of the nurses which involves taking necessary actions that are required based on the recognized needs. During the process of planning it is important for the care nurses and clients to give a thought on goals aims and their objectives. According to Ewles and Simnett (1999), an aim refers to the outcomes that are achieved on long term in a particular time period. In the case of Jane, the primary objective is to make him understand the necessity of taking healthy food with regards to his weight. Another objective is to make him aware of good hygiene with respect to his wellbeing and health. In the present case the goals that were established include: Make Jane to adopt health eating and develop healthy lifestyle by encouraging him, make Jane to practice good hygiene to prevent him from diseases. The objectives are required to be time framed, realistic, achievable, measurable and specific (Fawcett et al 1997). Objective refers to the process that is intended by the teacher to achieve Kiger et al (1995). In this case Jane is allowed to eat only limited food during his meal. He is take proper care to avoid diabetes. He is made to perform his daily routines like bathing himself, changing the socks and putting in the laundry etc. The nurse that is concerned with taking care of Jane would conduct one to one sessions so as to develop healthy eating habits. The nurse would refer Jane to dietician to solve the issues of overweight through diet. It is necessary for the staffs who are concerned with providing health care to Jane to attend training classes on healthy eating. Educative leaflets could be provided to Jane. The nurse would also take the opinion of James regarding the personal hygiene through open ended questions. It was observed that a felt need is expressed by Jane when he expressed feelings of faithlessness and confidence. From the detailed assessment of Jane and interventions applied by the staff, great knowledge and information on various aspects of care planning was learnt, analysed and understood. The care planning included detailed assessment which served to be one of the vital component in care planning. Next, in the planning stage, the evaluating nurse acquired a detailed understanding on the methods of addressing needs of the clients during which they took into consideration all the predetermining and necessary factors. The main factors which were taken in to account were the cognitive abilities of the people suffering with mental illness. The evaluating nurse regarded that communication with the patient is necessary at all times of delivery of care. In addition, it was also evaluated that good interpersonal skills are required for development of good holistic care. As a part of psychosocial individualized intervention, Jane was empowered and encouraged to engage in wide range of social activit ies where she can mingle with general population. Further, this essay has describes the various aspects that are involved in care planning. The essay has also laid emphasis on the imperative role of a mental health nurse in the management of health of people suffering with various kinds of mental illness. As suggested by the NMC in the year 2002, nurses should act proactively to pick, identify and reduce the risks to the clients. The whole assessment, evaluation and intervention prove that there are various things which are kept in kind before implementing a care process. In addition to the nursing process and care planning, there are other factors that include the nurse’s role, consent from the patient, multi-agency working and self-empowerment which aid in efficient care implementation

Essay example --

It was one of the greatest battles in Greek history, the battle of Achilles with Hector (Homer. Iliad. 22) and Cycnus (Ovid. Metamorphoses. 14); these two different versions of the Trojan War had both similarities and differences. As we can notice from these two books, there are similarities of character in Homer’s version of Achilles and Ovid’s version Achilles. Furthermore, the similarity of both Trojan heroes having the same enemy in both versions of The Trojan War. On the other hand, the difference between these two battles of Achilles is the character and how both Trojan heroes performed during the battle with Achilles. In addition, the main reason initiates battle of Achilles is different when he fights with Hector and Cycnus; additionally, how Achilles treats their corpse after he kills them, were not the same in both battles. Furthermore, the setting and timing of the battle between Achilles and the two Trojan heroes are distinct from one to another. According to Homer, Hector was the greatest and most famous mortal heroes in the history of Troy, who has protected Troy from many wars and have been treated as the guardian of his father, Priam kingdom. On the other hand, in Ovid version of The Trojan War, there are two great Trojan warriors, Hector and Cycnus, son of Poseidon, the latter is invulnerable warrior and have killed 1000 Greeks troop at the Trojan beach easily when the Greeks first landed on the beach. The character of Achilles, son of Peleus, in both battles has some similarities which are the violent, arrogant and uncontrollable like a beast. Achilles trusted his skill to fight and shows his arrogant character can be found in Iliad, â€Å"Achilles shook his head at his soldiers: He would not allow anyone to shoot A... ... year of the war. In general, the battle of Achilles with Hector and Cycnus had some similarities and differences. Both of the Trojan heroes are loyal to their country and both are Troy greatest warriors. Other than that, both versions of Achilles poses the arrogant and beast characteristic. However, the characters and attitudes of Hector and Cycnus in the battle with Achilles are completely different, where Hector fears and hesitate to battle with Achilles while Cycnus confidently faces the battle with Achilles. In addition, the main reason of battles is different which lead to different treatment of Achilles to their corpse, where Hector corpse was badly treated by Achilles rage for the revenge of Patroclus death. Last but not least, the setting of both battles Trojan heroes is completely different, even-thought they were fighting with the same enemy, Achilles.

Diwali – Festival of Lights

Diwali  (also spelled  Devali  in certain regions) or  Deepavali,[1]  popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, is an important five-day festival in  Hinduism,Jainism, and  Sikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday in  India,[2]  Nepal,  Sri Lanka,  Myanmar,Mauritius,  Guyana,  Trinidad & Tobago,  Suriname,  Malaysia,  Singapore,[3]  and  Fiji. The name â€Å"Diwali† is a contraction of â€Å"Deepavali† (Sanskrit:  Dipavali), which translates into â€Å"row of lamps†. [4]  Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps (diyas  or  dipas) in  Sanskrit:   ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks wit h family members and friends. Most Indian business communities begin the financial year on the first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the return of  Lord Rama, along with  Sita  and  Lakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-king  Ravana.In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of  Ayodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen  diyas  (oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. [5] In Jainism, Diwali marks the attainment of  moksha  or  nirvana  by  Mahavira  in 527 BC. [6][7]  In Sikhism,  Deepavali  commemorates the return of  Guru Har Gobind Ji  to  Amritsar  after freeing 52 Hindu kings imprisoned in Fort  Gwalior  by defeating Emperor  Jahangir; the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the reason Sikhs also refer to Deepavali as  Bandi Chhorh Divas, â€Å"the day of release of detainees†.The festival starts with  Dhanteras  on whi ch most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival,  Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demon  Naraka  by  Lord Krishna  and his wife  Satyabhama. Amavasya, the third day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most benevolent mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of Lord  Vishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished the  Bali, and banished him to  Patala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,  Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went to  patalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to as  Yama Dvitiya  (also called  Bhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. ————————————————- Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the signi ficance of the victory of good over evil; and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From darkness into light — the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, it's a celebration of South-Asian identities. 5] While Deepavali is popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, the most significant spiritual meaning is â€Å"the awareness of the inner light†. Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the  Atman. The celebration of Deepavali as the â€Å"vic tory of good over evil†, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks one's true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite,  immanent  and  transcendent  reality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings  ananda  (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman). Diwali – Festival of Lights Diwali  (also spelled  Devali  in certain regions) or  Deepavali,[1]  popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, is an important five-day festival in  Hinduism,Jainism, and  Sikhism, occurring between mid-October and mid-November. For Hindus, Diwali is one of the most important festivals of the year and is celebrated in families by performing traditional activities together in their homes. Deepavali is an official holiday in  India,[2]  Nepal,  Sri Lanka,  Myanmar,Mauritius,  Guyana,  Trinidad & Tobago,  Suriname,  Malaysia,  Singapore,[3]  and  Fiji. The name â€Å"Diwali† is a contraction of â€Å"Deepavali† (Sanskrit:  Dipavali), which translates into â€Å"row of lamps†. [4]  Diwali involves the lighting of small clay lamps (diyas  or  dipas) in  Sanskrit:   ) filled with oil to signify the triumph of good over evil. During Diwali, all the celebrants wear new clothes and share sweets and snacks wit h family members and friends. Most Indian business communities begin the financial year on the first day of Diwali. Diwali commemorates the return of  Lord Rama, along with  Sita  and  Lakshman, from his fourteen-year-long exile and vanquishing the demon-king  Ravana.In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of  Ayodhya, the Capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen  diyas  (oil lamps) and burst firecrackers. [5] In Jainism, Diwali marks the attainment of  moksha  or  nirvana  by  Mahavira  in 527 BC. [6][7]  In Sikhism,  Deepavali  commemorates the return of  Guru Har Gobind Ji  to  Amritsar  after freeing 52 Hindu kings imprisoned in Fort  Gwalior  by defeating Emperor  Jahangir; the people lit candles and diyas to celebrate his return. This is the reason Sikhs also refer to Deepavali as  Bandi Chhorh Divas, â€Å"the day of release of detainees†.The festival starts with  Dhanteras  on whi ch most Indian business communities begin their financial year. The second day of the festival,  Naraka Chaturdasi, marks the vanquishing of the demon  Naraka  by  Lord Krishna  and his wife  Satyabhama. Amavasya, the third day of Deepawali, marks the worship ofLakshmi, the goddess of wealth in her most benevolent mood, fulfilling the wishes of her devotees. Amavasya also tells the story of Lord  Vishnu, who in his dwarf incarnation vanquished the  Bali, and banished him to  Patala.It is on the fourth day of Deepawali,  Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali went to  patalaand took the reins of his new kingdom in there. The fifth day is referred to as  Yama Dvitiya  (also called  Bhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. ————————————————- Spiritual significance In each legend, myth and story of Deepawali lies the signi ficance of the victory of good over evil; and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope.From darkness into light — the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, it's a celebration of South-Asian identities. 5] While Deepavali is popularly known as the â€Å"festival of lights†, the most significant spiritual meaning is â€Å"the awareness of the inner light†. Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the  Atman. The celebration of Deepavali as the â€Å"vic tory of good over evil†, refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks one's true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite,  immanent  and  transcendent  reality.With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings  ananda  (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light. While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).

The Pros and Cons of Object-Oriented Software Engineering essays

The Pros and Cons of Object-Oriented Software Engineering essays The Pros and Cons of Object-Oriented Software Engineering If we trace our steps down the spiraling routes of software history, searching for the origin of the object oriented programming, we will notice that it was back in 1967 that the first object-oriented ideas emerged. The advent of these new concepts took place in the context of the language Simula67, which was created in order to satisfy the growing need that the scientific community was experiencing with regard to a language for a simulation modeling. However, a gradual evolution, which spanned more than 20 years, could be observed before the new object oriented approach became widely applied. Ever since its origin about four decades ago, the object technologies have been gradually replacing the classical software development approaches, and it was in the 90-ies, that object-oriented software engineering turned into the paradigm of choice for the majority of software builders. Naturally, the question concerning the reason for this gradual transition to object-oriented technologies is to arise and there is still no clear-cut answer to it. Some people simply speculate that most software professionals crave for novelties in the software engineering arena, but this view is usually targeted as being overly simplistic. The true reasons are therefore usually sought in the number of internal benefits that provide advantage at both the technical and management levels, to which the sweeping Object-Oriented phenomenon naturally leads. In this paper I am trying to pinpoint most of the pros and cons to adopting the object-oriented approach and try to determine why the advantages seem to take the upper hand in the fierce struggle with the disadvantages. It is natural to begin our discussion of object-oriented software engineering with addressing the term object-oriented and try to dispel any confusion that might arise with respect to notions such as an object, an object-oriented viewpo...

Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Example

Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Example Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Education under the undertaking Alternate . By analyzing and analyzing our instance survey on Netherlands, we seek to implement options to increase parental engagement through the instruction of Sexuality Education in Singapore. Rationale for pick We have chosen gender instruction as our country of concern as the current methods in gender instruction is non effectual in visible radiation of the modern young person civilization. School-based gender instruction in Singapore is incorporated into scientific discipline, wellness instruction and civics and moral instruction topics. The Ministry of Education[ 1 ]( MOE ) has besides introduced the Growing Old ages[ 2 ]( GY ) series every bit good as Breaking Down Barriers[ 3 ]( BDB ) programme which is compulsory for all authorities schools to follow. Parents are besides given the option to opt-out their kids from go toing these programmes. In position of a more broad and open-minded society, young persons are progressively receptive to new thoughts, and are easy and most influenced by the mass media. This is supported from our primary research, where pupils are asked on the grade of influence of the parents, teachers/counselors, equals and the media have on them in footings of supplying them with cognition and advice sing sex instruction. The advancement of mass media has overtaken the current steps initiated by MOE in encompassing healthy development of gender amongst the younger coevals in Singapore. This is farther substantiated by the increasing tendency[ 4 ]of teenage gestations and sexually familial infections ( STIs ) , where they are prosecuting in sexual activities at a far younger age. Therefore, the function of parents in gender instruction is important in educating their kids about sex in an environment of openness, thereby heightening kids s understanding on topic. The current attack of leting parents to hold the option of choosing out their kids from gender negotiations provided by the school contradicts with base of MOE recognizing that parents are the most of import pedagogue in gender instruction[ 5 ]. Mentioning to our primary informations gathered, 66 % of the pupils surveyed feel that parents are non making adequate and are non actively involved in their gender instruction. Therefore, by supplying parents with the opt-out option, it does non to the full prosecute or include them in educating their kids and hence it is an unequal attack taken by the MOE. As compared to parents who are still encompassing the more conservative Asiatic values, young persons have immensely conflicting values and this consequences in differences between their mentalities wholly. Regardless of their backgrounds, parents have to step in and be responsible in educating their kids on gender issues. However, there is trouble in this as most parents are uncomfortable[ 6 ]with discoursing these issues with their kids. This is a consequence of the new mentality of our coevals on the subject of gender. To counter the job, the MOE should join forces more closely with parents in order to relieve the conflicting values of parents and young persons with a more holistic course of study that is, besides, more applicable to our coevals of young persons. Hence, the options must supply a strong and broad scope of accomplishments to adolescents in the dealing of gender issues. This subject is highly of import, as it addresses the younger population, who will organize the majority of our hereafter stakeholders in Singapore. Purposes and Aims We aim to authorise parents with better accomplishments and cognition in educating their kids on gender issues. Our aims are to: To open up parents towards discoursing the sensitive subject of gender to their kids. To advance effectual parent-child communicating. To enable pupils think through the possible effects of their determinations instead than turn them off with a moralistic attack. Scope of undertaking Target Audience Parents: Our primary mark audience is parents of pupils from Raffles Girls School ( Secondary ) and Raffles Institution ( Secondary ) . Students: Our secondary mark audience is pupils from secondary schools. Research Focus With the chief focal point on increasing parental engagement in gender instruction, we plan to transport out our undertaking over a span of 5 months through a multi-tiered attack ; encapsulating both the affected group ( Youth ) every bit good as the wider community they are a portion of ( Families/parents and School ) , covering our primary purpose ( healthy development of gender for young persons ) . Research Methodology Primary Data We interviewed Mr Leo Hee Khian[ 7 ], a pupil Advisor from Raffles Instituition. Online studies were given out to secondary school pupils from authorities and independent[ 8 ]schools. This is to guarantee a better representative of the pupil population in Singapore as schools transporting Integrated Programmes may offer a different attack in transporting out their gender instruction plan to their pupils. Surveies were besides distributed to parents through the Raffles Parents Association ( RPA )[ 9 ]and Parents for Raffles Girls School AssociationA ( PRGS Association )[ 10 ]to garner information on their beliefs and mentalities sing the current teaching method and course of study of Singapore s gender instruction so as to assist us craft a better method of direction. Secondary Datas As gender instruction is a sensitive yet of import issue, there have been many active treatments on online forums every bit good as newspaper articles associating to the content of its course of study. There are a assortment of published studies and diaries on all facets of gender instruction which are available for reappraisal. We reviewed several instance surveies of different states utilizing the internet resources on how they deliver their course of study, providing to kids and young persons of different age groups. The function of parents in educating their immature is besides studied to garner information on how they can lend most efficaciously in developing their kids. Chapter 2 Case STUDY: Netherlands AND USA Nederlands Overview The Dutch Model was formulated, concentrating on empowerment and common regard in a relationship among young persons. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ + parent engagement Advantages The Dutch Model provides accurate information sing hazards associated with pre-marital sex and equal information sing contraceptive method and birth control methods. It focuses on values, attitudes, communications and dialogue accomplishments. It helps young persons to cover with equal and other societal force per unit areas ; supplying chances to pattern communicating, dialogue and averment accomplishments. Disadvantages Sexuality instruction course of study might non be comprehendible to immature kids and therefore the effectivity of course of study may be questioned. As gender is a sensitive subject, it may do parents to choose their kids out of the programme. The Dutch Model does non extinguish the hazard of gestations or STDS as it excludes the instruction of prophylactic methods to young persons. United States of America ( USA ) Overview Sexual activity instruction in USA chiefly focuses on recommending abstention, but more schools are now offering abstinence-plus course of study[ 11 ]. There are many sellers and organisations which have assorted programmes[ 12 ]catered to different age group and a scope of socio-economic background, such as white middle-class, African-americans, hapless, parents of 11-15 old ages old. Advantages Through abstention and abstinence-plus course of study, the values of abstention can play an of import function in assisting adolescents in defying the media and peer force per unit area, as the young persons are populating in a sex-saturated civilization where holding insouciant sex is the norm. The abstinence-only course of study[ 13 ]focal points on two tined attack: It places more accent on societal, emotional and psychological facets of sex ; it besides educates adolescents sing love, familiarity and committedness. On the other manus, the abstinence-plus course of study seeks to cut down teenage gestations and STDs as a consequence from unprotected sexual activity ; hence it teaches adolescents sing contraceptive method methods. Coupled with direct support[ 14 ]and support for the abstention programme by the authorities, it allows more resources to be pulled in for a more effectual gender instruction. Based on studies[ 15 ]conducted, consequences has shown that there is overpowering parental support for abstention course of study. Furthermore, since many parents in America are Christians, coupled with the fact that the bulk of the faith in America preaches abstention ( no sex until matrimony ) , every bit good as many abstention related subjects ( love, committedness, etc ) , this will intend that most parents are to the full cognizant of what their kids are being taught in schools. Thus they can complement the current gender course of study, doing it more effectual. Disadvantages With the approachs of our X-generation young persons, the thought of abstention may non be relevant with the modern American society and civilization. Adolescents are holding a more broad mentality, chiefly as a consequence of the mass media. Surveies[ 16 ]conducted showed that holding pre-marital sex is the norm for many adolescents as a consequence of many factors, such as equal force per unit area and the modern dad civilization. While schools are mostly involved in battle against teenage gestations, there is no standard course of study taught to pupils throughout every school[ 17 ]. Not all parents are agreeable on the content of course of study due to differing positions as a consequence of spiritual or race differences as some faiths[ 18 ]may non favor the abstention or abstention plus-approach. Similarities drawn USA was chosen as the 2nd instance as it is a really developed state with its people holding a really broad mentality, and this is something we aspire for Singapore to accomplish, where parents and kid will happen it less awkward and more comfy in discuss gender. Furthermore, both America and Singapore s gender instruction both accents on abstention, hence, by larning the attack and the ( positive and negative ) deductions of America s gender instruction, we can so use it to Singapore s context. Like Singapore, USA is a multi-racial state and hence this will no uncertainty impact the attack to learning gender instruction as a consequence of differing positions. Chapter 3 Singapore Current Tendencies on gender instruction MOE set a model on the gender instruction course of study which all schools have to follow. The cardinal guiding rules of gender instruction are: Parents bear the chief duty for the gender instruction of their kids ; Sexuality instruction is premised on the importance of the heterosexual married household as the basic unit of society ; The instruction of facts is integrated with the instruction of values, which reflect that of the mainstream society ; Students will be taught to understand and esteem the attitudes, values and beliefs sing gender that other communities propagate ; Specially selected and trained instructors are to learn the Turning Years bundle ; and relevant resources in the community will be brought in to complement school resources for gender instruction. This model encourages parents to be actively involved in educating their kids as they bear the chief duty . While all authorities secondary schools are to follow the Turning Old ages[ 19 ]series and independent schools may hold their ain programmes, parents are able to hold the option of choosing out their kids from the gender instruction bundle. Alternatively, schools may prosecute external sellers[ 20 ]approved by MOE. The current approved external administrations conduct programmes in the signifier of workshop and seminars as a teaching method of learning gender instruction, which merely a few includes the engagement of parents. The demand for affecting parents As parents are given the opt-in and opt-out option, this suggests that the gender instruction in Singapore is non a fool-proof program. Essential issues affecting the cognitive, emotional, societal, physical and moral facets of gender may be neglected by parents who chose to choose out their kids from the programme. Embraced by conservative Asiatic values, these parents have non yet been fused with the broad and unfastened mentality that our universe today portions. Furthermore, a big per centum, 70 % , of the young persons we surveyed felt that their parents were non being actively involved plenty in their gender instruction. Besides, merely one-fourth of the young persons objected to their parents being involved in their gender instruction. Through research, we found that parents have a large influence in the determinations teens make about sex below the age of 16[ 21 ]. However, from the consequences[ 22 ]we gathered from our study, it seems that many parents are non cognizant of the importance on the influence they have on their kids s determination devising. Hence, it is evident that we have to bridge this spread in thought and acquire the parents more actively involved in their kids gender instruction programme. Lessons Learnt Assurance is cardinal Constructing good resonance between parents and kid is of import in interrupting down coevals spread as in enhances effectual communicating. This will greatly cut down the extent of differing/conflicting positions and beliefs, enabling parents to supply accurate information sing gender issues to their kids. Parents are found to possess accomplishments of being an pedagogue, and their natural function in sex instruction is apparent. Yet many parents are non recognizing their full potency as an pedagogue due to grounds such as being uncomfortable in speaking with their kids about the topic and besides deficiency of cognition about anatomy, physiology, or other related information. Hence, they frequently feel diffident and embarrassed to keep treatments due to the deficiency of assurance in educating kids on gender. Therefore, bureaus should see incorporating parents to the full into their wellness instruction schemes. Making consciousness of course of study amongst parents While the school provides basic sex instruction, parents must be cognizant that the cognition and information presented or taught in schools are merely auxiliary, and parents themselves play a polar function in educating their kids at place, since morality issues sing sex are largely non covered in schools[ 23 ]. Therefore moral issues and duty must be taught by the parents of the kid when it comes to sex. The influence of mass media Any parent can certify to the waxy, unquestioning and imitative nature of their kid, and since the mass media is one of the most outstanding beginnings of the kid s mentality of the outside universe, the changeless repeat of sexual contents on the telecasting will no uncertainty act upon the kid s mentality to a certain extent. Developed Schemes Equiping parents Schools can prosecute professionals, experts and even successful parents to present presentations or keep little workshops. Awareness is therefore developed among parents on the importance of keeping conversations with their kids sing gender instruction. Parent -Teacher coaction To prosecute pupils through coaction between parents and instructors in planing an effectual usage of teaching method within the programme. Prosecuting young persons and parents on the net Making a forum to keep treatments enable young persons to freely show their positions or sentiments sing gender. Acknowledging that most thoughts conveyed by equals and the media may be misdirecting, we decided to lasso in trainers/ counselors qualified in the field of gender instruction to rectify any misconception young persons may hold, and to supply proper advice to them. Besides, by prosecuting parents to supervise these forums, they are able to lend to the treatment by posting their positions at the same clip. This will profit parents greatly, leting them to hold a general deeper apprehension in young persons Proposed Options Parent Education Programs Schools may tie-in school events with parent instruction plans to better grownups accomplishments for educating and pass oning with young person, particularly about gender and generative wellness. . Reviewing the bringing of gender instruction programme The Raffles Parents Association can keep a meeting with instructors every 6 months to reexamine the teaching method of presenting the programme. During their reappraisals, they should include the positions of parents about the content of the gender instruction programme that ought to be taught in school. The ground being that parents have a better thought of what their striplings mentality are about the subject of sex every bit good as the exposure that their teens have on the subject. This can be done by holding feedbacks from parents online through the Raffles portal web site, for easiness of communicating. With these feedbacks and reappraisals, our school can hold a more efficient, relevant and effectual manner of presenting gender instruction messages to pupils every bit good as holding a more impactful one. Involving experts into young person online forums As opposed to parents restricting the inflow of information from the mass media which is highly impractical, on-line portals ( e.g. youth.sg ) can be developed for striplings to portion their ideas on the subject of gender. A gender instruction forum will be designed in the on-line portal such that unfastened and healthy treatments can be fostered, on occasion with the advice of experts. Young persons are able to present inquiries and they are responded by qualified[ 24 ]trainers and counselors in this field. Chapter 4: Action Plan Parent Education Programme ( PEP ) Key Players / Stakeholders Schools Secondary schools serve as a platform in enabling parents to take part in the plans easy as their kids maintain them updated with approaching of import school events. Our mark group will be Raffles Girls School ( Secondary ) and Raffles Institution ( Secondary ) in peculiar. Non-Governmental Organisations ( NGOs )[ 25 ] NGOs have the power to consequence widespread alteration A ; topographic point force per unit area on other cardinal participants to pull off the tendencies. Examples of relevant expertness are the Institute of Advanced Parentology[ 26 ]( IAP ) , Focus on the Family[ 27 ]. Experts, professionals and facilitators in the relevant Fieldss will be invited. Successful parents Parents who have successfully overcome their fright and/or embarrassment in pass oning with their kid sing gender issues will be invited to talk. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Tiing up with two of import school maps such as Briefings to Secondary 1-4 Parents ( held at the start of the every twelvemonth the school principal ) and Parent-Teacher Meetings ( held in the 2nd semester every twelvemonth ) will be utile in capturing a broad audience. This programme is to supply accomplishments to parents to pass on with striplings through these two synergistic workshops. Parents will therefore be more equipped in educating their kids about healthy sexual development and determination devising. Action Plan The organizing commission of the several school maps will include a short Parent Education Programme workshop where presentations are held by wellness professionals and rearing experts from assorted NGOs of relevant field. More male facilitators will besides be invited instead than most of the clip merely female facilitators are present. This is to promote more engagement of male parents because same-sex parent-child communicating at place tends to work better[ 28 ]. Successful parents will be engaged to portion their experience on how they dealt with challenges while educating their kids on gender issues. They will be able to supply information parents want and need every bit good as reference the concerns and frights of the audience. These real-life illustrations will enable parents to get cognition and information on how unfastened communicating can be cultivated in order to portion their values and beliefs with their kids efficaciously, while going more sceptered to go effectual gender pedagogues of their kids. A mass get offing parents via the school depicting the plan will inform parents about the inside informations of the available workshops. These workshops, binding in with school maps, will be scheduled on weekends ( Saturday and Sunday ) so as to avoid upseting their work agendas during weekdays. Feasibility Parent negotiations are extremely executable as it has been done in most schools. However, it is hard to aim all parents to remain on for negotiations given their busy daily agendas and other committednesss. They may hold work duties, peculiarly amongst the low income groups or households with exclusive breadwinners, where gender instruction may non be perceived as of import in such households. Solutions To do the programme an impactful one, advanced and synergistic presentation techniques[ 29 ]can be used in carry oning this workshop to capture the involvement of audience efficaciously. Besides, inducements can be offered to promote greater engagement in workshops, including light refreshments and awards such as verifiers and rearing books. Reviewing the bringing of gender instruction programme Key Players / Stakeholders Raffles Parents Association ( RPA ) and Parents of Raffles Girls School Association ( PRGS Association ) Parent support groups for the Raffles household. They represent the proportion of parents in Raffles, supervising general affairs in and out of the course of study. Teachers They are the chief beginning of medium in school which pupils get their gender instruction from. They deliver the course of study and impart accomplishments and cognition to pupils. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Through the reappraisal of the course of study, parents will hold a better thought of their striplings mentality on the subject of gender every bit good as the exposure that they have on the subject. Hence, parents can supply valuable feedbacks and positions as to what should be included or emphasised on during the instruction of gender instruction to pupils. Action Plan Feedbacks are to be collected from parents through the RPA and PRGS Association online portals for the easiness of communicating. Besides, we can use our Raffles chief web site to associate parents to the portals for more convenience. The RPA and PRGS Association will keep a meeting with instructors at least one time every 6 months to reexamine the content and the teaching method of the gender instruction course of study designed by the Raffles schools. Valuable and insightful feedbacks from parents should be brought Forth in these meetings, to be discussed and considered amongst the instructors and members of RPA and PRGS Association. Feasibility For this proposed option to be successful, we need the cooperation of parents to be actively involved and concerned about the contents taught to their kids on the subject of gender. They have to cognize that they play a large function in their gender instruction. Additionally, male childs and misss differing biological make-up and hence, some content taught may non be relevant to each gender if sexuality instruction is taught to youth in general. Some of import sections[ 30 ]are therefore left out which might be built-in to the physical and psychological development of young persons. Solutions A different course of study can be catered to different gender to accommodate each gender s demands consequently. All schools, depending if they are coeducational schools, may follow two course of studies providing for each gender, so that gender instruction can be taught individually for the misss and male childs. Involving experts into online forums Key Players / Stakeholders SgForums.com A reputable online portal which discusses a assortment of subjects related to the current universe today. Outstanding subjects are put into forums, where netizens are accessible to the latest intelligence and treatments. There is besides a forum named SgSexForums dedicated to discussion about gender, and we are looking at incorporating gender instruction into this forum. . Professionals and experts They will be invited to be on the panel of forum, so as to react to any questions or positions posed by young persons. They are trained experts from local gender instruction sellers which are approved by MOE, every bit good as advisers and professionals majoring in the development of young person. Young persons Youths serves as an of import voice for parents to hold a deeper apprehension on their positions and concerns. This can assist to contract the communicating spread between the two coevalss as parents are more cognizant of their demands and wants sing gender instruction. A ­Schools Given primary positions expressed by pupils in the forum, schools will work around the demands and wants of the pupils, giving feedbacks to the MOE. Understanding what young persons are concerned with, a more convincing course of study can so be developed to turn to their demands. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Forums by and large receive much attending from the Singaporean young person communities, and web portals such as STOMP and sgforums.com are known to stand for the voice of the young person society. Although earlier research findings showed that media platforms render young persons susceptible to negative messages about gender, however we still believe that they are powerful tools through which we can set our thoughts across. We are looking at accommodating mass media and healthy treatment of gender issues, and this can be achieved through online forums discoursing about the local gender instruction. Through proper designing of the forums and prosecuting trained experts on the relevant subjects, we believe these online forums will assist to guarantee a more unfastened gender instruction excluding the restraints of school course of study, whereby young persons can do themselves heard. This helps us to accomplish our aim of a more open-minded society towards gender issues, which is ins trumental in assisting parents take charge of their kids s sexual good being. Action Plan Two separate forums will be set up in the on-line portal catered to both young persons and parents. All stations are accessible to the populace, and this allows each stakeholder to be cognizant of the different point of views that youths or parents have. Certified experts from sex instruction sellers will be invited to originate unchained treatment about gender, and besides answer assorted questions that youths or parents might hold. In add-on, we will prosecute parent support groups to supervise these forums and input their ain experiences, furthering healthy argument. As such, any deceptive positions will be corrected by qualified professionals, forestalling young persons from obtaining wrong information from undependable beginnings on the cyberspace. Feasibility Popular local web forums like STOMP ( Youthphoria ) and youth.sg promote unconstrained treatments about societal issues, and promote young persons to portion about their perceptual experiences of the universe around them. Many forums are besides initiated by young persons to discourse the quality of their gender instruction. One restriction, nevertheless, would be that the forums might be prone to defamatory and provocative remarks by insensitive users. Solutions Inappropriate remarks may be marked as Spam by other users, automatically concealing the remark. Besides, parent support groups can be tasked to take charge of these forums as decision makers, chiefly to fuel healthy argument about gender issues based on their ain experiences. Benefits of our program Primary Data We managed to acquire consequences from a relevant yet broad spectrum of the population. This is apparent from the ages of the respondents, which range from 13-18 every bit good as their educational degree which include pupils from the secondary degree and junior colleges. There is besides an about equal mix of responses from both males and females every bit good. With this, we can do certain that we can do certain that the spread across the population is non biased in any manner due to unsimilarities between the above groups ( e.g. hormonal differences, difference in academic demands ) and therefore can convey representative consequences of all young persons in general as required by our undertaking subject. Chapter 5: Decision Strengths Through this undertaking, we have gained a many-sided apprehension of the gender instruction state of affairs in Singapore, through surveying and questioning our cardinal stakeholders. Value-added by extended research online, we are now cognizant of the assorted cognition spreads in the course of study and our developed schemes can efficaciously decide them. For illustration, one contradiction we identified would be that MOE allows parents to choose out of the course of study, even though they stress the importance of parental engagement in school-based gender instruction. Translating our programs into world, through prosecuting trained experts to reply assorted questions posed by young persons and parents, we are guaranting that young persons do non have the incorrect information or acquire misled by undependable beginnings from the cyberspace. Furthermore, our Parent Education Programme ( PEP ) serves to increase parental consciousness about their kids s wellbeing at school, even if parents opt their kids out of the gender instruction course of study. Ultimately, we aim at heightening parent-child communicating and deciding the contradictions in the current course of study through our developed schemes. Restrictions Inaccuracy in study responses from pupils and parents There is a chance of them non being honest in replying inquiries due to conservative nature and sensitiveness of subject. Adolescents opposition to parental engagement Young persons may be uncomfortable in showing their positions in forums in the presence of parents. Without striplings engagement, the on-line portal will non be effectual in functioning as a platform for active and unfastened treatments for both stakeholders. Possible Improvements An betterment would be spread outing the range to provide to assorted faiths. Since Singapore is a multi-racial society, some faiths may non prophesy values that are in line with what MOE offers on abstention and the instruction of preventives. This would ensue in a struggle of involvements among the pedagogues, parents, spiritual organisations and the adolescents themselves, who might be diffident as to which philosophy to follow. Hence, it would be best to develop a scheme that would extensively provide to the distinguishable faiths in Singapore. This will let parents to be more positive in imparting their support, after cognizing that their faiths philosophies tie in with the proposed scheme. Future Developments We hope to widen the undertaking by including parents from other Secondary Schools. We can utilize the consequences obtained from RI and RGS to estimate the effectivity of our proposed options and do farther betterments. Successful parents, who have benefited from the options proposed, can portion their penetrations and lessons learnt from them, during the PEP conducted in other Secondary Schools. Chapter 6 BIBLIOGRPAHY Web sites: Release of the turning old ages series for upper secondary: Sense and Sexuality. 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Retention assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Retention assignment - Coursework Example taurant management has successfully employed a retention strategy leading to a sustained employees low turnover, improved productivity and consequently the company has grown tremendously in the food and beverage industry. The company focuses on three primary one of which includes training and hiring the right people to each job specification. With this strategy, the company management occasionally undertakes recruitment policy reviews in order to enhance retention as per Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) strategy (http://www.eeoc.gov/federal/retention.cfm). In 2008, the company trained its employees on enhancing productivity through focusing on the mission statement and actual service delivery. Consequently, the company reversed declining share growth to 11 consecutive record reports back from 42% share losses to a remarkable 12.4% share growth. The success was achieved when employees were retained and trained to reverse the errors in shares instead of possible layoffs (Taylor 23). Secondly, the company regularly conducts employee climate surveys using the 36o degree evaluation strategy. Under this approach, the management conducts performance evaluation with total focus on all spheres of employee including interpersonal relationship in the workplace. The strategy helps the managers to assess workforce attitude and job satisfaction and make changes before employees quit. Through this Strategy, Starbuck has improved its production and raise its employees by 66% from 2003 to 2013 (Liebowitz 17). Certainly, this is a tremendous recipe for the companys growth since high employees means higher productivity and subsequently increase in profits. Through employing the right people and training them, Starbuck has achieved companys growth. In addition, conducting employees evaluation and surveys on job performance has led to the retention of employees and increase in the

Biohacking in the mass market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Biohacking in the mass market - Essay Example This hacking ethic has resurfaced again in garages, kitchens and closets all throughout the world. In this modern world, the practice of soldering circuit boards and programming in FORTRAN has been replaced with splicing DNA and cloning bacteria. These practices in particular are referred to, what is called in today’s world, as bio-hacking. Bio-hackers involved with this practice, manipulate the building blocks of life thereby advancing knowledge and creating new life forms with novel purposes. As has been witnessed in the past few decades, computer hacker movement sparked a revolution in the field of computer science and information technology. The revolution increased the pace at which technology had progressed thereby permanently changing the societal landscape. Similarly, it is expected that the bio-hacker movement or rather the practice of bio-hacking will have a parallel effect on the technologies solely based on biology. These changes will not only bring about a massive development in the field of science but will also fundamentally alter human experience itself. The pioneers of this regime shift would be today’s bio-hackers. ... This is primarily because with proper information more and more people will gain expertise about this product and eventually will be able to make an informed decision regarding their usage and utility (Alba and Hutchinson, 1987). The underlying idea of this business is to distribute and install the body modifications using an agreement with a chain of tattoo studios. The product that will be offered to customers is magnetic implant which is another form of body piercing. According to Brownlie and Saren (1991, p. 35), â€Å"the marketing concept defines basic benchmarks against which marketing practice, i.e. what organizations can be judged.† In order to make a successful business venture, all those benchmarks need to be met. The result of these actions can be easily measured by the market share and profitability that the business will achieve, once it has fully implemented all the marketing strategies. One of the primary drawbacks related to this business approach is that it i s a completely unexplored area and henceforth it is going to be comparatively difficult for the owner to assess the risk associated with every operation. In addition to that, the pricing of the product will be a cause of concern as there is no relative market to compare the prices in order to set it accordingly. There is a potential failure associated with the pricing of the product. If the product is priced too high, then it will trigger a negative signal within the target market and as a result, the consumers might choose to refrain from availing products from this entity. Furthermore, another cause of failure that can be attributed to this business approach is the potential side